Long pepper (Piper longum) is a spice that is native to tropical regions of Asia and is a relative of black and white pepper. It is an elongated, dark brown seed that is about 5-10 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, with a wrinkled texture. When crushed, long pepper has a strong, pungent, and slightly sweet aroma.
The flavor of long pepper is more complex and robust than that of black and white pepper, making it a popular choice for adding depth and warmth to dishes. It has a warm, pungent flavor with a hint of sweetness and notes of cinnamon and nutmeg. The heat level of long pepper is milder than that of black pepper, but it still provides a noticeable kick of heat to dishes.
It is also less harsh than black pepper and does not have the sharp bite that is often associated with white pepper.